Year 9 STEM Robotic Fingers Guide

Project Goal

Design, digitally manufacture, assemble and program a robotic finger system that can press switches and create music. Your folio must show research, CAD modelling, manufacturing evidence, servo control, Makey Makey setup, music creation, evaluation and clear project documentation.

Authenticity rule: CAD screenshots must show your name in the top-right corner of Fusion 360.

Evidence Checklist

Benchmark Checkpoints

Benchmark 1: Tasks 1–2 complete
Benchmark 2: Part 1 complete
Benchmark 3: Part 2 complete
Benchmark 4: manufacturing files ready
Benchmark 5: Part 3 complete
Benchmark 6: Part 4 complete
Benchmark 7: Part 5 complete
Benchmark 8: Part 6 and final evaluation complete

8 Week Lesson Guide

Tick each lesson as you complete it. Progress is saved in this browser.

BEFORE YOU START

Install Autodesk Fusion on a Mac

Follow this tutorial before beginning the Robotic Fingers CAD lessons. Use your school-approved Autodesk Education account process. Do not choose a paid commercial subscription unless your teacher specifically instructs you to.

Important: Autodesk screens and eligibility steps can change. If your screen looks different, stop and ask your teacher rather than entering payment details.

Check your Mac and school instructions

Make sure you have internet access and permission to install software. If your Mac is managed by your school, Autodesk Fusion may already be available through the school's software/self-service system.

I have checked whether Fusion is already installed or available through school Self Service.

Open Autodesk Education

Use Autodesk's official Education page for Fusion. Sign in or create an Autodesk account using the process approved by your school.

Open Autodesk Education — Fusion ↗ I opened the official Autodesk Education page.

Sign in and confirm education access

Sign in with your Autodesk account. Follow Autodesk's education eligibility prompts if they appear. Use accurate school and student information. Ask your teacher if you are unsure which email or school details to use.

Do not enter payment details for this class installation unless your teacher/school has specifically instructed you to do so.

I can sign in and have followed the required education-access steps.

Download Fusion for macOS

From the Autodesk Education/Fusion download area, choose the macOS version when prompted. The installer will normally appear in your Downloads folder.

The Fusion installer has downloaded to my Mac.

Run the installer

Open Finder → Downloads, open the Autodesk Fusion installer, and follow the on-screen installation instructions. macOS may ask for permission or an administrator password on managed devices.

If installation is blocked, do not try to bypass school security settings. Ask your teacher or IT support.

Fusion finished installing successfully.

Open Fusion and sign in

Open Autodesk Fusion from Applications or Spotlight Search. Sign in using the same Autodesk account used for education access. Allow the application to complete any first-launch setup or updates.

Fusion opens and I can access the Design workspace.

Complete the 5-minute installation test

Create a New Design.
Start a sketch on a flat plane.
Draw a rectangle.
Finish the sketch.
Extrude the rectangle to make a simple 3D block.
Save the design as Fusion Installation Test – Your Name.

I created, extruded and saved my test model.

Show your teacher

Show your saved 3D test model to your teacher. Once checked, you are ready to begin the Robotic Fingers Fusion 360 modelling lessons.

My installation test is complete.

Installation progress

0 of 8 steps complete

Troubleshooting on Mac

Fusion is already installed: Open it and sign in, then complete Step 7.

I cannot install software: Your Mac may be school-managed. Check Self Service or ask your teacher/IT support.

I cannot sign in: Check that you are using the correct Autodesk account and internet connection. Do not create multiple accounts unless instructed.

Education access is asking for verification: Follow Autodesk's current instructions and ask your teacher if you are unsure what school information to provide.

The screen does not match this tutorial: Autodesk occasionally changes its website and installer. Use the official Autodesk Education page and ask your teacher before proceeding if anything is unclear.

ROBOTIC FINGERS — FUSION 360

Fusion 360 Video Tutorial Library

Use these tutorials in sequence while modelling and assembling your Robotic Fingers project. Keep Fusion open beside the video so you can pause, model, check dimensions and continue.

Evidence reminder: Take authentic screenshots of your own Fusion 360 work at the required stages. Screenshots should show your identifying Fusion workspace information as required by the project folio.

Tutorial 1

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 1

Project/Fusion introduction and component overview.

Watch Tutorial 1 ↗

Tutorial 2

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 2

Model the robotic finger accurately in Fusion 360.

Watch Tutorial 2 ↗

Tutorial 3

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 3

Develop the servo mount and related component geometry.

Watch Tutorial 3 ↗

Tutorial 4

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 4

Assemble the servo, servo mount and robotic finger.

Watch Tutorial 4 ↗

Tutorial 5

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 5

Continue component and mounting development for the Robotic Fingers system.

Open the IDT YouTube video library and select Robotic Fingers Tutorial 5.

Watch Tutorial 5 ↗

Tutorial 6

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 6

Develop and integrate the mounting/base solution and components.

Watch Tutorial 6 ↗

Tutorial 7

Robotic Fingers Tutorial 7

Assemble the complete digital model and prepare the base/manufacturing workflow.

Watch Tutorial 7 ↗

Recommended workflow

Watch → Pause → Complete the Fusion step → Check dimensions/constraints → Screenshot evidence → Continue.

LEARNING TAB 1 — PROGRAMMING

Programming the Arduino to Control the Servos

Learn how the Arduino UNO R3 controls the servo motors that move the robotic fingers. Test the servos, zero their positions, change angles and build a movement sequence.

Project connection: The Robotic Fingers folio requires servos to be tested and zeroed so the fingers can be positioned correctly before programming the full system.

1. Understand the system

Arduino code → servo signal → servo rotation → finger movement.

The Arduino is the programmable controller. It sends control signals to the servo motors, which rotate to programmed angles and move the robotic fingers.

2. Key servo concepts

Attach: connects a servo object in code to an Arduino pin.
Angle: tells the servo the position it should move toward.
Zero position: establishes a known starting point.
Delay/timing: controls how long the program waits before the next action.
Sequence: the planned order of finger movements.

3. Basic servo test

#include <Servo.h>

Servo fingerServo;

void setup() {
  fingerServo.attach(9);
}

void loop() {
  fingerServo.write(0);
  delay(1000);
  fingerServo.write(90);
  delay(1000);
  fingerServo.write(180);
  delay(1000);
}

Mechanical safety: Do not force a finger beyond its physical limits. If the mechanism binds or strains, stop and adjust the angle or alignment.

4. Moving three fingers

#include <Servo.h>

Servo finger1;
Servo finger2;
Servo finger3;

void setup() {
  finger1.attach(9);
  finger2.attach(10);
  finger3.attach(11);
  finger1.write(0);
  finger2.write(0);
  finger3.write(0);
}

void loop() {
  finger1.write(90);
  delay(300);
  finger2.write(90);
  delay(300);
  finger3.write(90);
  delay(300);
  finger1.write(0);
  finger2.write(0);
  finger3.write(0);
  delay(1000);
}

5. Student testing sequence

Connect one servo and confirm it responds.
Set a safe zero/reference position.
Test 0°, 90° and 180° only where mechanically safe.
Record actual finger position for each angle.
Repeat for the other servos.
Adjust angles so fingers reach their required switch/contact points.
Combine movements into a sequence.

6. Debugging questions

What did you expect the servo to do?
What actually happened?
Is the servo connected to the correct pin?
Is the servo horn fitted in the correct starting position?
Is the programmed angle too large for the mechanism?
Is the finger mechanically blocked?

7. Check your understanding

What is the role of the Arduino?
What does servo.write(90) do?
Why should servos be zeroed?
Why test one servo before all three?
What hardware problem could look like a coding problem?
Why is angle testing important for switch alignment?

AI Learning Coach

“I am a Year 9 STEM student programming Arduino servos for a Robotic Fingers project. Ask me one debugging question at a time about wiring, servo pin, zero position, angle, movement sequence and mechanical alignment. Give hints before answers.”

Evidence to save

Photo of servos in the zeroed position.
Screenshot or copy of tested Arduino code.
Testing table: Test → Expected → Actual → Change → Result.
100-word explanation of how Arduino controls the three fingers.

LEARNING TAB 2 — MUSIC + INPUT

GarageBand → QwertyGo → Makey Makey

Create three musical notes in GarageBand, connect those sounds to keyboard inputs using QwertyGo, then use Makey Makey so the Robotic Fingers can trigger the notes.

Project connection: The supplied project requires students to create three notes — C, D and E — then use QwertyGo and Makey Makey so the robotic fingers can trigger musical output.

1. Understand the signal chain

Robotic Finger→Switch / Contact→Makey Makey→Keyboard Input→QwertyGo→GarageBand Sound

The mechanical movement of the finger becomes an electrical input. Makey Makey turns the contact into a keyboard command. QwertyGo associates that command with a sound or note created for the project.

2. Create C, D and E in GarageBand

Open GarageBand.
Create or open an instrument track.
Choose your team’s instrument sound.
Create the notes C, D and E.
Play each note and confirm they are clearly different.
Save/export the note sounds using the method demonstrated by your teacher/tutorial.

3. Prepare QwertyGo

Open QwertyGo using the school-provided setup.
Create/open the mapping area shown in the tutorial.
Assign one sound to each keyboard input used by Makey Makey.
Map C, D and E to three inputs.
Test all three from the Mac keyboard before connecting Makey Makey.

4. Connect Makey Makey

Connect Makey Makey to the Mac.
Connect the required inputs to the robotic finger/switch system.
Make sure Makey Makey inputs match the keys configured in QwertyGo.
Test one finger/contact at a time.
Confirm the correct note plays.
Repeat for all three fingers.

5. Test the complete system

Finger	Expected note	Keyboard input	Actual result	Adjustment
Finger 1	C
Finger 2	D
Finger 3	E

6. Build the music sequence

Your team has only three notes. Create an interesting pattern using timing, repetition and note order.

Example: C – C – E – D – C – E – E – D

Convert the planned note sequence into servo movements so the correct finger activates at the correct time.

7. Check your understanding

What is GarageBand’s role?
What is QwertyGo’s role?
What does Makey Makey do?
Why test the keyboard/QwertyGo mapping before connecting the robot?
Why must each finger align with its switch/contact?
Explain the full signal chain from finger movement to musical note.

AI Learning Coach

“I am a Year 9 STEM student connecting GarageBand, QwertyGo and Makey Makey to a three-finger robot. Help me diagnose why a finger is not playing the correct note. Check physical contact, Makey Makey input, keyboard mapping, QwertyGo sound assignment and the note file. Give hints before answers.”

Evidence to save

Screenshot showing the C, D and E sound setup.
Photo showing Makey Makey connected to the completed project.
Completed three-finger testing table.
Short systems explanation: Finger → Makey Makey → keyboard input → QwertyGo → musical sound.
Final music sequence and associated Arduino code.

GUIDED LEARNING + ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE

Robotic Fingers Learning Spaces

Complete two guided Learning Spaces each project week. Each space follows Watch → Learn → Think → Make/Test → AI Coach → My Evidence → Save.

AI rule: AI is a coach, not the author. Use it to understand concepts, ask questions and improve your draft. Your saved assessment evidence must be your own final response and AI/help must be declared.

Student Evidence App Scaffold

Students copy this into the Student Evidence App, then fill it in lesson-by-lesson with screenshots, photos, code and reflections.

# YEAR 9 STEM – ROBOTIC FINGERS PROJECT

## Student Name
Type your name here.

## Team Members
Type your team members here.

## Project Overview
Explain the purpose of the robotic fingers project. Include how prosthetics, robotics, digital manufacturing, Arduino control and music creation are connected.

Response:

---

# PART 1 – INVESTIGATION

## Task 1 – Entry Event Research

### a. Which hand was damaged and how many fingers were damaged?
Response:

### b. When did the accident happen and what country was he in?
Response:

### c. What functionality did the prosthetic finger allow him to do again?
Response:

### d. What aspects of the prosthetic allowed him to forget about his disability?
Response:

### e. What type of sensor allowed finger movement?
Response:

### f. You need full __________ to play the piano.
Response:

### g. Machine learning was needed for what reason?
Response:

### h. What song did the Grade 9 team create with their robotic fingers?
Response:

### i. How many song notes were needed to play the song?
Response:

---

# PART 2 – RESEARCH EXISTING ROBOTIC HANDS

Research six examples of robotic hands or prosthetic hands. For each example, paste an image, include the source, and add four annotations explaining useful design features.

## Example 1
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Example 2
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Example 3
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Example 4
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Example 5
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Example 6
Image:
Source:
Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Design Reflection
What design features from your research could improve your own robotic fingers project?

Response:

---

# PART 3 – DESIGN AND MODELLING

## Task 3 – Robotic Finger Model
Paste screenshot:

Explain your design decisions:

What challenge did you encounter?

How did you solve it?

## Task 4 – Servo Mount
Paste screenshot:

Explain how the servo mount works:

Why is the servo mount important?

## Task 5 – Finger, Servo and Mount Assembly
Paste screenshot:

Explain how the parts work together:

Evaluate how effectively the assembly meets the project purpose:

---

# PART 4 – TEAM DESIGN

## Team Planning
Team Member 1:
Team Member 2:

Team roles:

## Task 6 – Switch Mount Design
Paste sketch or screenshot:

Measurements:

Design rationale:

How can the switch position be adjusted?

What improvement did your team make after discussion or testing?

## Task 7 – Mount Base Design
Paste screenshot:

Explain how the base supports the Arduino, servo-finger units and switch mounts:

## Task 8 – Full Assembly
Paste screenshot:

Explain how all components connect:

Evaluate the alignment between fingers and switches:

---

# PART 5 – DIGITAL MANUFACTURING

## Task 9 – Mount Base with Holes and DXF File
Paste screenshot:

Why is a DXF file needed for laser cutting?

## Task 10 – Manufactured Components
Paste photos of:
1. Servo-finger mount
2. Switch mount
3. Mount base

Reflection: What did you learn while manufacturing these parts?

## Task 11 – Manufacturing Machines

### FDM 3D Printing
Explain how FDM 3D printing works:

Advantages:
1.
2.
3.

Limitations:
1.
2.
3.

### CO2 Laser Cutting
Explain how CO2 laser cutting works:

Advantages:
1.
2.
3.

Limitations:
1.
2.
3.

## Task 12 – Manufacturing Process Photos

### 3D Printing Photo
Paste photo:

Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

### Laser Cutting Photo
Paste photo:

Annotation 1:
Annotation 2:
Annotation 3:
Annotation 4:

## Task 13 – Completed Robotic Finger Project
Paste six photos of the completed project.

Photo 1 explanation:
Photo 2 explanation:
Photo 3 explanation:
Photo 4 explanation:
Photo 5 explanation:
Photo 6 explanation:

Explain the purpose of each major component:

How do the switches align with the fingers?

What mechanism did your team use to achieve alignment?

---

# PART 6 – SERVO CONTROL

## Task 14 – Mechatronics
Explain what mechatronics means:

Mechanical engineering evidence:

Electrical engineering evidence:

Software engineering evidence:

## Task 15 – Arduino UNO R3
What is the role of the Arduino UNO R3?

Why is Arduino described as the brain of the project?

## Task 16 – Servo Motors
What is a servo motor?

Why do the servos need to be tested and zeroed?

## Task 17 – Servo Testing
Paste photo of testing:

What code did you use?

What happened during testing?

What adjustment was needed?

## Task 18 – Zeroed Position
Paste photo:

How accurately are the fingers aligned?

What still needs to be improved?

---

# PART 7 – MAKEY MAKEY AND MUSIC SETUP

## Task 19 – Makey Makey Board
Paste photo of completed wiring:

Explain how the Makey Makey board connects the robot to the computer:

## Task 20 – GarageBand
List the three notes your team created:
1.
2.
3.

Why were these notes selected?

## Task 21 – QwertyGo
Explain the purpose of QwertyGo:

How does QwertyGo help connect the Makey Makey board to the music?

---

# PART 8 – CREATING MUSIC

## Task 22 – Music Planning
Song name:

Sequence of notes:

How will the robot play the sequence?

## Task 23 – Final Three-Finger Performance
Paste MP4 video or link:

Paste Arduino code:

How many finger strokes were included?

Did the robot perform as expected?

## Task 24 – Advanced Collaboration
If combining two robotic finger projects, explain how the two systems were connected:

## Task 25 – Musical Masterpiece
Paste final video or link:

Paste final Arduino code:

Evaluate the final musical performance:

---

# FINAL EVALUATION

## Criteria for Success
Complete the table.

| Criteria | Rating 1–5 | Evidence |
|---|---:|---|
| Finger movement reliability | | |
| Switch alignment | | |
| Manufacturing quality | | |
| Arduino programming success | | |
| Makey Makey connection | | |
| Music performance | | |
| Team collaboration | | |

## Final Reflection

### What worked well?
Response:

### What challenges did your team overcome?
Response:

### What would you improve next time?
Response:

### How does this project demonstrate STEM?
Response:

### How did your team use design decisions to improve the final solution?
Response:

### What evidence best shows the quality of your final project?
Response:

Success Criteria

Research explains how prosthetics and robotic hands restore function.
CAD screenshots show accurate modelling and the student name visible in Fusion 360.
The switch mount can be adjusted to align with the robotic finger movement.
Manufactured parts are safely and accurately produced using 3D printing and laser cutting.
Arduino servos are tested, zeroed and aligned correctly.
Makey Makey, GarageBand and QwertyGo are connected to produce music.
The final video demonstrates at least 20 finger strokes.
The final evaluation uses evidence and explains improvements.

Reflection Prompts

Investigating

What design features from real prosthetics influenced your robotic finger design?

Generating

How did your team improve the switch mount or base design after testing?

Producing

What tools, machines and safety practices did you use to produce the components?

Evaluating

How well did the final robotic fingers meet your success criteria?

Teacher Answers 🔒

This area is for teacher use only. Enter the PIN to view weekly answers, checkpoints and marking guidance.

Default PIN: Kings2026. Change this in app.js before deploying if required.

Teacher Question-and-Answer Sheet

Use this guide to support lesson delivery, benchmark checks and feedback in the Student Evidence App.

Week 1 — Entry Event + Prosthetics Research

Task 1 Suggested Answers

Which hand was damaged and how many fingers were damaged?
Use the answer from the entry event video shown in class. Students should identify the specific hand and number of damaged fingers accurately from the source.
When did the accident happen and what country was he in?
Students should record the date/time period and country given in the video. Accept accurate paraphrasing if the answer is clearly sourced.
What functionality did the prosthetic finger allow him to do again?
It restored fine motor control and the ability to perform tasks requiring finger movement, especially piano playing or similar precise hand movement.
What aspects of the prosthetic allowed him to forget about his disability?
Comfort, natural movement, reliable control, realistic function, and the ability to complete meaningful everyday or musical tasks.
What type of sensor allowed finger movement?
Likely EMG/electromyography muscle sensors if the video refers to detecting muscle signals. Accept “muscle sensor” if used by the video.
You need full __________ to play the piano.
Likely “control”, “movement”, or “finger movement”, depending on the wording of the video.
Why was machine learning needed?
To interpret complex muscle/sensor signals and translate them into accurate, controlled finger movement.
What song did the Grade 9 team create?
Use the class project example shown to students. Accept the exact song used in your class demonstration.
How many notes were needed?
For the main project, students use three notes: C, D and E. Advanced teams may combine projects for six notes.

Teacher Checkpoints

Task 1 completed with answers in full sentences.
Task 2 includes six robotic/prosthetic hand examples.
Each image has four meaningful annotations.
Annotations refer to design features, not just labels.

Common Issues

Students paste images without sources.
Annotations describe appearance only, not function.
Students do not explain how research informs their own design.

Week 2 — Fusion 360: Finger, Servo Mount and Assembly

Expected Evidence

Screenshot of robotic finger model.
Screenshot of servo mount model.
Screenshot of assembled finger, servo and mount.
Student name visible in the top-right of Fusion 360 screenshots.

Correct Understanding

The robotic finger must be shaped to allow movement from the servo. The servo mount must hold the servo securely. The assembly should show how mechanical movement will transfer from the servo to the finger.

Teacher Questions

How does your finger design allow movement?
How does the servo mount keep the motor stable?
What would happen if the servo was not fixed securely?

Benchmark Standard

By the end of Week 2, students should have Part 1 complete and Tasks 3–5 substantially complete or ready for final screenshots.

Week 3 — Switch Mount Design

Expected Evidence

Team members recorded.
Switch mount sketch or screenshot.
Measurements included.
Design allows switch position adjustment.
Full digital assembly includes Arduino, servo-finger units and switch mounts.

Correct Understanding

The switch mount must allow accurate alignment between finger movement and switch contact. A strong response explains measurement, adjustment, testing and refinement.

Common Issues

Switch is fixed in one position with no adjustment.
Students model a mount but do not explain how it works.
Base layout does not leave enough space for Arduino, wires or fingers.

Week 4 — Digital Manufacturing Preparation

Expected Evidence

Mount base with holes screenshot.
DXF export evidence for laser cutting.
Research explaining FDM 3D printing.
Research explaining CO₂ laser cutting.

Correct Answers

FDM 3D printing: A thermoplastic filament is heated and extruded layer by layer to form a 3D object.

CO₂ laser cutting: A focused laser beam cuts or engraves sheet material by burning, melting or vaporising the material along a programmed path.

DXF file: A 2D vector file used by CAD/CAM systems and laser cutters to define cut lines and shapes.

Week 5 — Manufacture + Servo Control

Expected Evidence

Laser cutting file submitted.
3D print file submitted.
Manufactured parts photographed.
Arduino connected and servo tested.
Servo horn alignment documented.

Correct Understanding

A servo motor rotates to a controlled angle. Testing at 0°, 90° and 180° helps students understand range of movement. Zeroing places the servo in a known starting position before attaching the horn or finger mechanism.

Common Troubleshooting

Servo does not move: check power, ground, signal pin and code upload.
Servo moves backwards: reverse angle values in code or reposition the horn.
Finger misses switch: adjust mount position or servo horn alignment.

Week 6 — Servo Control + Build Refinement

Expected Evidence

Photo of zeroed finger position.
Explanation of Arduino as the control system.
Explanation of mechatronics: mechanical, electrical and software systems working together.
Refinement notes showing testing and adjustment.

Teacher Questions

What changed after testing?
Why was that change needed?
How does your evidence show improvement?

Week 7 — Makey Makey + GarageBand Setup

Expected Evidence

Photo of Makey Makey wired to project.
GarageBand notes created: C, D and E for the three-finger version.
QwertyGo explanation.
Robot ready for music photo.

Correct Understanding

The Makey Makey acts like a keyboard input device. When the robotic finger activates a switch, the circuit triggers a keyboard input. QwertyGo maps keyboard inputs to sound samples or notes, and GarageBand produces the musical sound.

Week 8 — Creating Music + Final Demonstration

Expected Evidence

Song name and note sequence.
Final MP4 video or link.
Minimum 20 finger strokes for the main performance.
Arduino code pasted into the student evidence response.
Evaluation against criteria for success.

High-Quality Student Response

A strong response explains the relationship between design, manufacturing, electronics and programming. It uses specific evidence, such as screenshots, photos, code and testing notes, to justify how well the final robotic fingers met the success criteria.

Benchmark Marking Guide

Benchmark	Expected Evidence	Teacher Check
1	Tasks 1–2	Entry answers, six research examples, annotations.
2	Part 1	Finger, servo mount and assembly screenshots.
3	Part 2	Switch mount, base and full assembly.
4	Manufacturing files	DXF and 3D print files ready.
5	Part 3	Manufacturing photos and machine explanations.
6	Part 4	Servo control, zeroing and alignment evidence.
7	Part 5	Makey Makey, GarageBand and QwertyGo setup.
8	Part 6	Final music performance, code and evaluation.

Suggested Feedback Comments

High: Your evidence clearly shows a well-developed robotic finger system. You explained design decisions, manufacturing processes, servo control and final testing with strong technical detail.

Sound: Your project evidence shows a working understanding of the robotic fingers system. To improve, add more detail explaining why design changes were made and how testing improved the final solution.

Developing: You have included some project evidence, but several sections need more explanation, screenshots or photos. Focus on explaining how each component works and how your team refined the design.